As discussed in the blue/green levels of this chapter microbial cells use nutrients for growth, energy production and product formation as indicated in the following expression; Nutrients + microbial cells > cell grow ...
Rheumatology is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases. Physicians who have undergone formal training in rheumatology are called rheumatologists. Rheumatologists deal mainly with ...
Different types of product formation kinetics are discussed with respect to their significance for fermentation process economics. Microbial products belonging to various classes are formed in a growth-coupled manner. It is often found that the sp ...
Mucosal Immunology is the official publication of the Society for Mucosal Immunology. It aims to provide a forum for both basic and clinical scientists to discuss all aspects of immunity and inflammation involving mucosal tissues.Rheumatoid arthri ...
An intestinal parasite infection is a condition in which a parasite infects the gastro-intestinal tract of humans and other animals. Such parasites can live anywhere in the body, but most prefer the intestinal wall.Ro ...
The immune system is a complex network of cells and proteins that defends the body against infection. The immune system keeps a record of every germ (microbe) it has ever defeated so it can recognise and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters th ...
A fermenter is designed to provide a controlled and favorable environment for the growth of cells irrespective of their nature either they are bacterial or fungi or plant or animal cells. Few aspects ...
Immunomics is the study of immune system regulation and response to pathogens using genome-wide approaches. With the rise of genomic and proteomic technologies, scientists have been able to visualize biological networks ...
Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any type of Candida.When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush.Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. Other symptoms ma ...
Hypersensitivity is a set of pathological immune or unwanted reactions produced by the normal immune system including allergies and autoimmunity. These reactions are generally fatal. In some reactions the immune responses are directed are directed ...
Measles is a highly contagious illness caused by a virus that replicates in the nose and throat of an infected child or adult. Then, when someone with measles coughs, sneezes or talks, infected droplets spray into the air, where oth ...
Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass. These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other parts of the body.There are a number of types of pa ...
Hypersensitivity is the excessive, undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system. Hypersensitivity reactions mediated by T cells can be activated by modified self proteins, or by injected proteins. Allergic hypersensi ...
Contrast material is generally well tolerated although approximately 1% of patients who receive low-osmolar nonionic contrast material will develop anaphylaxis symptoms. Because most anaphylactic reactions are mild and nonallergic, clinically mimi ...
Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to describing degradation of wood, which is a complex process; hence, microorganisms have evolved different enzymatic and non-enzymatic strategies to uti ...
Most adrenal gland tumors—abnormal growths on the adrenal glands—are not cancerous. They often do not cause symptoms or require treatment. However, adrenal gland tumors can produce a variety of different hormones, leading hormone level ...
A disease may be a particular abnormality that negatively affects the structure or function of all or a part of an organism, which isn't thanks to any immediate external injury. Diseases are of ...
The presence of bacteria , other infectious organisms, or toxins created by infectious organisms in the bloodstream which spread in the body. Sepsis associated with clinical symptoms of systemic illness, such as, low b ...
Retinoblastoma is an unusual form of cancer that rapidly changes from the immature cells of a retina, the light-detecting tissue of the eye. It is the most com*mon primary malignant intraocular cancer in children, and it is almost exclusively foun ...
Microalgae have been suggested as a promising biodiesel feedstock and have been called the third-generation feedstock. Microalgae are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganisms growing through photosynthesis . Micro ...