Welcome to the Journal of Neuroinflammation, an open-access, peer-reviewed, online journal that focuses on innate immunological responses of the central nervous system, involving microglia, astrocytes, cytokines, chemokines, and related molecular ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing. It's typically caused by l ...
Lateral ankle ligament reconstruction is a surgery to tighten and firm up one or more ankle ligaments on the outside of your ankle. It’s also known as the Brostrom procedure. It’s most often done as an outpatient su ...
Welcome to the Journal of Neuroinflammation, an open-access, peer-reviewed, online journal that focuses on innate immunological responses of the central nervous system, involving microglia, astrocytes, cytokines, chemokines, and related molecular ...
Each type comes with its own risks and benefits. Spinal fusion. This is the most common surgery for chronic nonspecific back pain with degenerative changes. The doctor will join spinal bones, called vertebrae, together. This limits ...
Neuroinflammation as the word defines is the inflammation of the nervous tissue. Neuroinflammation may be due to traumatic brain injury, infection, autoimmunity or toxic metabolites. The innate immune cells called microglia present in the central ...
Immunotoxicology is the dysfunction of immune system because of exposure of organism to extrinsic factors. The immune system is a target following exposure to a diverse group of xenobiotics including chemical pollutants, recreational drugs, ultrav ...
Immunotoxicology is the dysfunction of immune system because of exposure of organism to extrinsic factors. The immune system is a target following exposure to a diverse group of xenobiotics including chemical pollutants, recreational drugs, ultrav ...
Toxicity literally means poisonous or noxious and, logos refers to the underlying science that explains the adverse effects of toxicity at the organismal level. Toxicology is therefore a multidisciplinary field which is at the interface of Biology ...
Nanomaterials have been used in a wide range of biomedical research fields, such as delivery of biomolecules, biosensing, bioimaging, and tissue scaffolding. These materials have also emerged in some biotechnology products and in preclinical/clini ...
There are many risk factors associated with coronary heart disease and stroke. Some risk factors, such as family history, cannot be modified, while other risk factors, like high blood pressure, can be modified with treatment. Y ...
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an intervention developed by Sheila Eyberg to treat children between ages 2 and 7 with disruptive behavior problems. PCIT is an evidence based treatment (EBT) for young children with behavioral and emotio ...
Infant formula is a manufactured food designed and marketed for feeding to babies and infants under 12 months of age usually prepared for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from powder or liquid. The U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) de ...
The liver is a large, meaty organ that sits on the right side of the belly. Weighing about 3 pounds, the liver is reddish-brown in color and feels rubbery to the touch. Normally you can't feel the liver, because it's protected by the rib c ...
Breastfeeding is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast. Health professionals recommend that breastfeeding begin within the first hour of a baby's life and continue as often and as much as the baby wants. ...
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased appetite. If left untreated diabetes can cause many com ...
The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply, fights against internal infection and produces hormones to support pre ...
The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is a normal part of the microflora in the gastrointestinal tract, mouth and genital tract. It causes not only superficial infections, but also life-threatening disease in individuals with immune system de ...
A bacterial infection is a proliferation of a harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the body. Bacteria can infect any area of the body. Pneumonia, meningitis, and food poisoning are just a few illnesses that may be cau ...
Proteins are large size molecules (macromolecules), polymers of structural units called amino acids. A total of 20 different amino acids exist in proteins and hundreds to thousands of these amino acids are attached to each other in long chains to ...