Environmental toxicology, field of study in the environmental sciences that is concerned with the assessment of toxic substances in the environment. Although it is based on toxicology, environmental toxicology draws heav ...
Listeria monocytogenes is the third most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis [2–5]. This gram-positive bacillus is principally spread by contaminated food, which was discovered after outbreaks of listeriosis in the 1980s [1 ...
The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve, leaves the optic nerve 10 mm from the eyeball and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into either superior ophthal ...
Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine and surgery which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in ophthalmology. The credentials include a degree in med ...
A condition characterized by hardening of the PENIS due to the formation of fibrous plaques on the dorsolateral aspect of the PENIS, usually involving the membrane (tunica albuginea) surrounding the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosu ...
Journal of Clinical Trials is a peer review Open Access journal whose primary aim is to develop knowledge about clinical trials including existing or new policy in the relevant areas, impact of all types of clinical trials and related me ...
Analytical toxicology is the detection, identification, and measurement of foreign compounds (xenobiotics) in biological and other specimens. Analytical methods are available for a very wide range of compounds: these may ...
Clinical trials involving new drugs are commonly classified into four phases. Each phase of the drug approval process is treated as a separate clinical trial. The drug-development process will normally proceed through all four phases over man ...
A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart. It is present at birth. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect. The defects can involve the walls of the heart, the valve ...
Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research. Such prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants are designed to answer specific questions ...
Ophthalmologists are responsible for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of almost all eye conditions and visual issues. However, subspecialist ophthalmologists tend to treat and monitor certain conditions, such as: ...
An arrhythmia may be a problem with the speed or rhythm of your heartbeat. It means your heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern. When the guts beats faster than normal, it' ...
Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research. Such prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants are designed to answer specific questions . ...
Pharmacology is a branch of pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly or narrowly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biochemical or phys ...
Despite being observed worldwide, the distribution of PV is ethnically and geographically unequal. Its incidence ranges from 0.76 new cases per million/year in Finland and 3.5 new cases per million/year in Japan to 16.1 cases per million/year in J ...
Some clinical trials involve healthy subjects with no pre-existing medical conditions. Other clinical trials pertain to patients with specific health conditions who are willing to try an experimental treatment. When participants are ...
Pharmacology is a branch of pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly or narrowly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biochemical or phys ...
Clinical trials are a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their effects on human health outcomes. People volunteer to take part in clinical trials to test medical interventions including drugs, cells and other biol ...
A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart. It is present at birth. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect. The defects can involve the walls of the heart, the valves of the heart, and the art ...
A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart. It is present at birth. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect. The defects can involve the walls of the heart, the valves of the heart, and the art ...