Vitiligo may be a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. The patches of skin affected become white and typically have sharp margins. The hair from the skin can also become white. the within of the mouth and nose can also be involved. Typically each side of the body are affected. Often the patches begin on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun. it's more noticeable in people with dark skin. Vitiligo may end in psychological stress and people affected could also be stigmatized.The exact explanation for vitiligo is unknown. it's believed to flow from to genetic susceptibility that's triggered by an environmental factor such an autoimmune disorder occurs. This leads to the destruction of skin pigment cells. Risk factors include a case history of the condition or other autoimmune diseases, like hyperthyroidism, alopecia and pernicious anaemia. it's not contagious. Vitiligo is assessed into two main types: segmental and non-segmental. Most cases are non-segmental, meaning they affect both sides; and in these cases, the affected area of the skin typically expands with time. About 10% of cases are segmental, meaning they mostly involve one side of the body; and in these cases, the affected area of the skin typically doesn't expand with time. Diagnosis are often confirmed by tissue biopsy.