Synthetic biology is a combination of biology and different branches of engineering, such as electrical, mathematical, mechanical, and computer, providing a greater ability of understanding and manipulation of the biological systems or creation of novel life forms . As in engineering the smaller parts are assembled to form circuits, networks, machines, and complex machinery, or networks are disassembled; similar concept is applied in synthetic biology where bottom-up and top-down approaches are practiced for novel applications. Synthetic biology intends to reconstruct novel artificial biological systems, which can maintain the integrative complexity of central dogma in a rational and translational manner for the efficient production of desired biomolecules beneficial to the society. The integration of knowledge from several foundational scientific fields leads to rational designing of the novel biological networks comprising modified or synthetic intrinsic control systems having appropriate extrinsic signaling interactions with biotic and abiotic factors. Development of novel molecular biology tools and their effectiveness in different combinations empower synthetic biology to rewire the endogenous genetic circuit or integrate the synthetic gene circuit with the endogenous circuit or completely replace the endogenous circuit with the synthetic circuit, reconstructing the autonomous cellular systems for biomedical and biotechnological applications. The building of novel genetic architectures achieves control over the dynamic gene expression regulation system and executes novel cellular functions. By integration of the expertise from interdisciplinary fields, synthetic biology approaches are capable of addressing the unpredictable challenges associated with the intricate complexity of cellular systems. Synthetic biology has inspired researches to bioengineer biological systems to perform specific tasks in the area of therapeutics, diagnostics, and biomanufacturing of high-value biomolecules