Synthetic biology covers a broad research area, which combines the disciplines of biology and engineering to design and create new biological systems to perform functions that are not found in nature. Rapid growth in research, innovation, and policy interest has been seen in recent years . The term “synthetic biology” was firstly coined in 1980; however, the potential of the research field is only beginning to be realized.
Synthetic biology is considered as an emerging research field that will bring new opportunities to biotechnology. There has been long time that synthetic biology was tinkered with the idea of creating “made to order” microbes from well-characterized biological parts. There is an expectation that synthetic biology will not only enhance the knowledge in fundamental science but also have great potential for practical applications. With synthetic biological techniques becoming standard practice across the life sciences, one can expect that new breakthroughs will be brought to the research in biotechnology. Meanwhile, it covers a lot of techniques, such as genetic circuits, minimal genomes, chemical synthetic biology, and DNA synthesis . As noted above, synthetic biology can be developed in organisms with reverse genetic tools and methodologies, such as genetic transformation, selection markers, specific plasmid vectors, different promoters, and optimally the existence of advanced molecular biology techniques such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), TALEs, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)