It is a place where individuals can buy and sell the shares. The can purchase or sell either by exchanges or over the counter markets. The market during which shares of publicly held companies are issued and traded either through exchanges or over-the-counter markets. The stocks are listed and traded on stock exchanges which are entities of an organization or mutual organization specialized within the business of bringing buyers and sellers of the organizations to an inventory of stocks and securities together. Open access to the scientific literature means the removal of barriers (including price barriers) from accessing scholarly work. There are two parallel “roads” towards open access: Open Access articles and self-archiving. Open Access articles are immediately, freely available on their internet site , a model mostly funded by charges paid by the author (usually through a search grant). The alternative for a researcher is “self-archiving” (i.e., to publish during a traditional journal, where only subscribers have immediate access, but to form the article available on their personal and/or institutional internet sites (including so-called repositories or archives)), which may be a practice allowed by many scholarly journals. Open Access raises practical and policy questions for scholars, publishers, funders, and policymakers alike, including what the return on investment is when paying a piece of writing processing fee to publish in an Open Access articles, or whether investments into institutional repositories should be made and whether self-archiving should be made mandatory, as contemplated by some funders.