Repair of cartilage defects has always been a great challenge in treatment due to the poor regenerative capacity of cartilage in vivo . Implantation with an engineered construct composed of autologous chondrocytes is currently a popular approach . However, the lack of autologous cartilage sources and chondrocyte dedifferentiation after in vitro expansion are major obstacles to the clinical application of chondrocyte-based cartilage tissue engineering [3]. In addition, implantation of a prothesis with a specific shape or the transplantation of autologous cartilage may cause a secondary deformity or result in complications including immune rejection, infections, and extrusion .