Severe pneumonia in infants who are HIV-infected is a common problem in many parts of the developing world, especially sub-Saharan Africa. It has emerged that the condition of severe hypoxic pneumonia in early infancy is a disease of many causes, most occurring together in the individual patient. A frequent cause of severe pneumonia in infants is Pneumocystis jiroveci. This condition is usually diagnosed clinically and managed as ‘Pneumocystis pneumonia’ in the regions of the world where HIV-infected children live. Only in the last few years, has it become possible to make a microbiological diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing of airway secretions. However, in the developing world, such testing is largely unavailable and the clinical condition still poses an enormous problem. PrimeOA Publications International is one of the leading Open Access Publishers which is publishing 700+ peer-reviewed journals with the dramatic effort of editorial board members. Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology publishes original research articles, novel, and scientifically sound findings dealing with Bacteria and Parasites of Medical relevance to human or veterinary health, as well as those with application in Environmental or Food Sciences related to microbiology.