"The artificial pancreas is a technology in development to help people with diabetes, primarily type 1, automatically and continuously control their blood glucose level by providing the substitute endocrine functionality of a healthy pancreas.
The endocrine functionality of the pancreas is provided by islet cells that produce the hormones insulin and glucagon. Artificial pancreatic technology mimics the secretion of these hormones into the bloodstream in response to the body's changing blood glucose levels. Maintaining balanced blood sugar levels is crucial to the function of the brain, liver, and kidneys. Therefore, for type 1 patients, it is necessary that the levels be kept balanced when the body cannot produce insulin itself.
The artificial pancreas is a broad term for different bio-engineering strategies currently in development to achieve these requirements. Different bio-engineering approaches under consideration include:
the medical equipment approach—using an insulin pump under closed-loop control using real-time feedback data from a continuous blood glucose monitor.
the physiological approach—the development of a treatment with engineered stem cells to be integrated into the body to provide functional blood glucose regulation."
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