Diabetic retinopathy is clinically defined, diagnosed and treated based on the extent of retinal vascular disease exclusively. Three distinct forms of diabetic retinopathy are described macular edema, which includes diffuse or focal vascular leakage at the macula; progressive accumulation of blood vessel change that includes micro aneurysms, intraretinal hemorrhage, vascular tortuosity and vascular malformation (together known as no proliferative diabetic retinopathy) that ultimately leads to abnormal vessel growth proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinal capillary closure, a form of vascular change detected on fluorescein angiography, which is also well recognized as a potentially blinding complication of diabetes but currently has no treatment options.