Restenosis refers to a gradual re-narrowing of a coronary artery after a blockage has been treated with angioplasty and stenting. Those could be useful markers of carotid restenosis after stent implantation. Gene therapy and therapeutic angiogenesis is proposed for therapy in restenosis. When people have angioplasty or other PCIs to treat aortic stenosis, there is a risk that the artery will become blocked again. This is called restenosis. It treated with the insertion of another stent (usually a DES) or angioplasty using a balloon. The balloon is coated with medication used on a DES to inhibit tissue growth. If restenosis continues to happen, your doctor may consider coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) to avoid placing multiple stents. Restenosis refers to a gradual re-narrowing of a coronary artery after a blockage has been treated with angioplasty and stenting. If restenosis occurs, it usually happens within 3 - 12 months of the procedure. Treatment of patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a significant clinical problem.