Refractive surgery, a subfield of ophthalmology, is defined as the surgical correction of refractive errors of the human eye. It has become a highly specialized area in the last few years. Ophthalmic surgeons now have a multiplicity of refractive surgical methods at their disposal for the individualized correction of refractive errors. Techniques of refractive surgery on the cornea and lens are now available that reliably fulfill the standard criteria of safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and predictability of the refractive outcome