Rapid changes in gender composition of the global work force have been witnessed in recent decades. Within a European context, dual-earner families were found to represent on average 60% of all families in OECD countries in 2008 . These changes have been particularly evident in Ireland, where women, having been traditionally assigned the role of homemakers, accounted for only 26% of the workforce in 1961 . After Ireland’s accession to the European Economic Community and the abolition of The Marriage Bar, women’s employment rate increased to 35% in 1987 and reached 56% in 2011 . The evolution witnessed in the gender composition of many world economies has been accompanied by increases in the prevalence of work-hours constraint, which is defined as the discrepancy between actual working hours and preferred working hours.
Dental implants are an effective and popular option for replacing missing teeth, and they also form an important part of mainstream restorative dentistry today. Due to their good long-term outcome, implant-supported single crowns have become a preferred choice of many clinicians for the treatment of single edentulism in esthetic zones.