Proteins are the principal targets of drug discovery. Most large pharmaceutical companies now have a proteomics-oriented biotech or academic partner or have started their own proteomics division. Common applications of proteomics within the drug industry include target identification and validation, identification of efficacy and toxicity biomarkers from readily accessible biological fluids, and investigations into mechanisms of drug action or toxicity. Target identification and validation involves identifying proteins whose expression levels or activities change in disease states. These proteins may function potential therapeutic targets or could also be wont to classify patients for clinical trials. Proteomics technologies can also help identify protein-protein interactions that influence either the disease state or the proposed therapy. Efficacy biomarkers are wont to assess whether target modulation has occurred. they're used for the characterization of disease models and to assess the consequences and mechanism of action of lead candidates in animal models. Toxicity (safety) biomarkers are wont to screen compounds in pre-clinical studies for organ toxicities also as afterward in development during clinical trials. Complementary approaches like metabolomics and genomics are often utilized in conjunction with proteomics throughout the drug development process to make more of a unified, systems biology approach.