Proteoglycans (PGs) are a ubiquitous family of molecules composed of a middle protein and one or numerous covalently connected sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains. Proteoglycans (mucoproteins) are formed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) covalently connected to the core proteins.they may be found in all connective tissues, extracellular matrix (ECM) and at the surfaces of many mobile sorts. Proteoglycans are splendid for his or her range (distinctive cores, distinct numbers of GAGs with various lenghts and compositions).Glycosaminoglycans forming the proteoglycans are the maximum ample heteropolisaccharides within the frame. they may be long unbranched molecules containing a repeating disaccharide unit. usually one sugar is an uronic acid (both D-glucuronic or L-iduronic) and the opposite is both GlcNAc or GalNAc. One or each sugars include sulfate businesses (the best exception is hyaluronic acid).GAGs are extraordinarily negatively charged what is crucial for his or her function.Proteoglycans represent macromolecules composed of glycosaminoglycan chains which are covalently bound to a protein core.forty three it's been demonstrated that positive proteoglycans at the cell surface are crucial for the proper presentation of FGF-2 to its excessive affinity receptor.forty two,forty five,65 greater especially, heparan sulfate (HS) appears to be the only glycosaminoglycan to which FGF-1 and FGF-2 may additionally bind. moreover one heparan sulfate proteoglycan has recently been cloned.forty two studies have therefore been initiated to examine the distribution of HS by immunocytochemistry using two monoclonal antibodies unique to heparan sulfate associated epitopes17 in collaboration with Dr David and Dr Lindahl.the usage of the monoclonal antibody 10E4, which recognizes an epitope gift within the local heparan sulfate chains it became viable to detect robust HS IR within the neuropil of the zona compacta of the substantia nigra, wealthy within the dopamine nerve cell our bodies. The specificity of this immunoreactivity become established by way of its complete disappearance after pretreatment with heparitinase (Fig. 6). The labeling is probably positioned to the dendrites of the dopamine cells. inside the adjacent zona reticulata HS IR turned into also tested outlining the membrane of the nerve cellular our bodies