Neuroimmunology is the study of crosstalk between the central nervous system and immune system of the body. Although the interaction between nervous and immune systems has been known for many decades, the term ‘neuroimmunology’ was only coined in 1960s. A special ‘neuroimmunology program’ has also been established by the National Institute of Mental Health to support research work that studies the effects of immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines on brain development, synaptic plasticity, signal transduction pathways, neuronal circuits, and behaviors. Despite having a well-controlled immune system, brain cells are vulnerable to damages caused by autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. In the case of an autoimmune disease, the immune system starts attacking the body’s own cells and proteins by recognizing them as foreign particles. As a result, a cascade of detrimental damages takes place, which can be fatal, especially if such attacks occur inside the brain