In order to maximize diagnosis of ROP without subjecting patients at low risk for ROP to an eye examination, the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and American Academy of Ophthalmology recommend screening all infants born either at a weight of less than 1500 g or at less than 28 weeks of gestation, as well as selected infants between 1500 and 2000 g with an unstable clinical course who are therefore at risk for ROP (Screening examination, 2001). Wright and colleagues (1998), in a study of 700 infants, found that limiting screening of infants to those with a gestational age of less than 28 weeks can potentially miss the diagnosis of severe ROP in several infants. Because ROP in all infants irrespective of their gestational age is rarely seen before 34 to 36 weeks of gestation, it is recommended that infants be screened when they are physiologically stable between 4 and 6 weeks of age or within 31 to 33 weeks of postconceptional age, whichever comes later. Subhani and associates (2001) have recommended screening infants born at less than 25 weeks of gestation at 4 to 6 weeks of chronologic age, because infants of younger gestational ages can present with ROP on their first examination. Infants should undergo at least two examinations, unless the first examination shows complete retinal vascularization. A diagnosis of threshold ROP should be followed by treatment within 72 hours. A few centers are investigating the use of a new digital wide-field camera system (RetCam 120) for taking digitized images of the infant's retina and transferring the images by telemetry for reading by an experienced ophthalmologist (Roth et al, 2001; Schwartz et al, 2000; Yen et al, 2000). The examination, which involves the use of an indirect ophthalmoscope, a lid speculum, and dilating drops, is repeated every 2 weeks or weekly in the presence of prethreshold disease until discharge. The reader is encouraged to review the recent screening guidelines published by the American Academy of Pediatrics regarding timing of repeat examinations and the recommendations for ensuring timely diagnosis and treatment of ROP (Screening examination, 2001). Because the procedure could be stressful, the infant should be clinically stable at the time of examination. Parents should be informed about the diagnosis when it is first made and be given subsequent updates with following examinations.