Paternalism means interference of one person or a state with another person, against their will, and motivated by a claim that the person interfered with will be safe or protected from harm. Paternalism involves a conflict of two essential values: the value we place regarding freedom of persons to make their own choices about leading their lives, and the value we place regarding protecting the well-being of others. Open access to the scientific literature means the removal of barriers (including price barriers) from accessing scholarly work. There are two parallel “roads†towards open access: Open Access articles and self-archiving. Open Access articles are immediately, freely available on their Web site, a model mostly funded by charges paid by the author (usually through a research grant).