Optimism is a mental attitude reflecting a belief or hope that the outcome of some specific endeavor, or outcomes in general, will be positive, favorable, and desirable. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass filled with water to the halfway point: an optimist is said to see the glass as half full, while a pessimist sees the glass as half empty.These results are consistent with a large and growing literature finding that positive psychological well-being in general and optimism in particular appear to have an independent association with cardiovascular and overall health outcomes.2 It appears that one’s psychological well-being is associated with future health and that the association between well-being and health is beyond the association of other factors, such as sociodemographic variables, medical comorbidity, and the adverse effects of depression.