Cognitive ergonomics (CE), as defined by the International Ergonomics Association, deals with mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system. The relevant topics include mental workload, decision-making, skilled performance, human-computer interaction, human reliability, work stress and training as these may relate to human-system design. Cognitive ergonomics studies cognition in work and operational settings, in order to optimize human well-being and system performance. It is a subset of the larger field of human factors and ergonomics. Cognitive ergonomics or cognitive engineering is an emerging branch of ergonomics which places particular emphasis on the analysis of cognitive processes required of operators in modern industries and similar milleus. Examples include diagnosis, workload, situation awareness, decision making, and planning. Cognitive ergonomics aims at enhancing performance of cognitive tasks by means of several interventions, including: user-centered design of human-machine interaction and human-computer interaction (HCI); design of information technology systems that support cognitive tasks (e.g., cognitive artifacts); development of training programs; work redesign to manage cognitive workload and increase human reliability.