Oceanography and climate science have revealed that the ocean is a highly dynamic environment and that ocean climate will change dramatically in the coming decades and centuries. Although traditional efforts at marine conservation and management of natural resources have tended to largely overlook these changes, new developments in science and practice are revealing that both conservation and fisheries management can often be more effective by considering ocean dynamics. Similarly, an appreciation for the complex dynamics of human behavior is also becoming clear, such that changes in the ocean affect human behavior, which in turn feeds back to affect ocean ecosystems. How these coupled dynamics will play out in the face of climate change remains an important question. This chapter lays out key features of climate, ecosystem, and human dynamics; how they interact; and emerging adaptation, conservation, and management approaches.