Team nursing is a system of integrated care that was developed in 1950s directed by Eleanor Lambertson at Teachers College, Columbia University in New York, NY. Because the functional method received criticism a new system of nursing was devised to improve patient satisfaction. Care through others became the hallmark of team nursing. It was developed in an effort to decrease the problems associated with the functional model of nursing care. Many people felt that despite a continued shortage of professional nursing staff, a patient care delivery model had to be developed that reduced the fragmented care that accompanies functional nursing.