Neurosurgery is being transformed by advances in imaging technologies, including high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MR spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography (PET) scans, as well as diffusion and perfusion imaging which permit better localization and characterization of lesions, and their relationship with normal brain architecture (Nelson and Cha, 2003). These advances have led to notable improvements in surgical resection. Yet the horizon for intervention to treat glioma cells that have the intrinsic capability to infiltrate local structures and to migrate over great distances rests on what is now being called “molecular neurosurgery”. Treating patients with the biologics along with current modalities will allow tumor targeting at the level of individual migratory cancer cells. Fortunately, NSCs are excellent candidates based on their ability to track cancer cells, capacity to be genetically modified, and, if proven to be the cell of origin, could even be targeted in a pre-morbid state.