The exploration of the effects of neurorehabilitation technologies and NIBS on plasticity through the use of advanced technologies (i.e., functional MRI, near infrared spectroscopy, high-density EEG, etc.) may represent a surrogate outcome measure in the near future. On the other hand, translational and back-translational models are important to offer robust neurobiological grounds to current rehabilitative approaches to neurological disorders. The correlation between central nervous system lesions to clinical features and outcomes represents the basis for personalized medicine in neurorehabilitation, a promising perspective to explain the different individual response to the treatment, and to improve the quality of care. The definition of new approaches to the acute and chronic phase of neurological diseases and the most appropriate timing play a key role to optimize neurorehabilitation interventions. Moreover, new randomized controlled trial designs aimed to explore the role of combined drug and physiotherapy treatment are emerging.