The recent advances in stem cell therapies may serve as potential treatments for neurological disorders. There are broad types of stem cells such as neural, embryonic, mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells with unprecedented hope in treating many debilitating diseases. Nowadays, Stem cell therapy in axonal demyelination and neurological disability (Specially MS) has been accelerated by growth in animal models, as well as by clinical studies in human patients. A new way that promotes this procedure is tissue engineering, which uses synthesis of natural polymer that simulates extra cellular matrix for better response of body to grafted cells. The results of these new studies may pave the road for the utilization of stem cells for the treatment of MS. Foroozan Mokhtarian, Multiple Sclerosis: Animal Models and Treatment Options Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) is a useful strategy for the treatment of leukemia, severe combined immune deficiency, enzyme deficiencies, autoimmune disease, and osteoporosis. Furthermore, BMT plays an important role in the induction of immune tolerance in organ transplantation. Bone marrow is a spongy tissue, and is made up of Hematopietic Stem Cells (HSCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), and various blood cells. HSCs differentiate into common myeloid- and lymphoid-precursor cells and then terminally differentiate into erythrocytes, monocytes, platelets, neutrophils, dendritic cells and other cells. MSCs can differentiate into not only mesoderm derived-cells such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, but also endodermand ectoderm-derived cells. Susumu Ikehara, Advances in Leukemia Treatment with Bone Marrow Transplantation