Neuroimaging is the discipline that deals with the in vivo depiction of anatomy and function of the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. The term ‘neuroimaging’ is more comprehensive than the older term of neuroradiology; although in the past, neuroimaging was considered the domain of radiologists with a specific interest in the nervous system, the participants in this rapidly changing field now come from diverse backgrounds. Contributors exist in all areas in the neurosciences, including basic scientists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychologists, psychiatrists, physicists, chemists, and clinicians in radiology and nuclear medicine. It is important to realize that neuroimaging is a dynamic and evolving field.