Nanotechnology is emerging as an interdisciplinary field that is undergoing rapid development and has brought about enormous changes in medicine and dentistry. Nanomaterial-based design is able to mimic some of the mechanical and structural properties of native tissue and can promote biointegration. Nanotechnology has various applications in dentistry, including dentition renaturalization, therapy for dentin hypersensitivity, complete orthodontic realignment in a single visit, covalently bonding diamondized enamel, enhancing properties of root canal sealers, and continuous oral health maintenance using mechanical dentifrobots. A range of synthetic nanoparticles such as hydroxyapatite, bioglass, titanium, zirconia, and silver nanoparticles are proposed for dental restoration. This review focuses on the developments in the field of nanomaterials in dentistry in the form of tissue regeneration materials, implantable devices, nanocomposites, endodontic sealers, etc, and issues of patient safety. Nanomaterials are materials whose component size ranges from 0 to 100 nm in at least one dimension. These materials may be present in the form of a cluster of atoms, grains, fibres, or films, or as nanoholes. Nanomaterials possess improved properties as compared to the parent material. The change is basically of two types: (1) due to increase in the surface area; and (2) quantum effects. As the material size approaches the nanoscale dimensions, a greater number of these nanoscale materials can be incorporated with the resultant increase in surface area.3 Quantum effects refer to the optical, electric, and magnetic properties that are altered when the material approaches the smaller end of the nanoscale.