Musculoskeletal diseases caused by fungi are rare. Some subcutaneous and deep tissue mycoses are commoner in the tropics and cause arthritis, which occurs from direct joint infection or spread from an adjacent bone focus. Arthritis may also occur as a result of an immunological response to fungal infection. Fungal bone and soft tissue infection is less common, but causes substantial disability and morbidity. Among this group of disorders are mycetoma, a chronic infection of bones, joints and soft tissue, often of the foot.
Fungal musculoskeletal disorders have an insidious course. Treatment involves the use of an appropriate antifungal agent in combination with surgical debridement.
Musculoskeletal disease is one of the most prevalent categories of pathology in the captive common marmoset. In this chapter, we will review the basic physiology of the musculoskeletal system, highlight the peculiarities of this system in marmosets, and discuss common methods for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal disease, including radiographic and biomarker assays. We will then specifically review the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of common diseases of the musculoskeletal system in marmosets, including metabolic bone disease, and marmoset wasting syndrome, and discuss how marmosets have been used as translational animal models for osteoporosis, arthritis, and other musculoskeletal diseases.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the primary reasons people seek medical care worldwide. In the United States MSDs are rampant and are the second most common reason for visits to the doctor, infectious diseases being the first. Many of these disorders result from the repetitive demands of work-related activities. These repetitive stress injuries (RSIs), also called cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), are a pressing burden on our health care system. Estimates suggest RSIs may account for as much as 56% of all occupational injuries in the United States