Molecular diagnostics of bacterial pathogens is a expeditiously growing field within clinical microbiology. The first frequently used routine application was the detection of bacterial sexually transmitted pathogens. Most of these micro-organisms are ambitious to culture and therefore molecular diagnostics are providing a reliable, easy and high-throughput alternative. Over time, molecular diagnostic methods were developed and implemented for further easily culturable micro-organisms as well.
Molecular diagnosis is a set of techniques used to analyze the biological markers in the genome and the protome - the individual and the way of the genome. The technique is used to diagnose and monitor the disease, diagnose the risks and decide which therapies will work best for each patient. By analyzing the specificities of the patient and his or her illness, the molecular diagnosis of the prospect of personalized medicine. These tests are useful in a range of medical specialties, including infectious diseases, oncology, human leukocyte antigen typing (which studies and predicts immune function), coagulation, and pharmacogee drugs that work best. (v -vii) They are overlap with clinical chemistry (medical tests on body fluids).
Molecular diagnosis uses in vitro biological tests such as PCR-ELISA or hybridization in situ partial fluorescence. The test detects a molecule, often with low concentrations, which is a marker of disease or risk that a patient takes from a sample. Analysis before the sample of preservation is critical. Manual handling should be minimized. The fragile RNA molecule poses some challenges. As part of the cellular process of gene expression, it provides a measure of gene expression but is vulnerable to hydrolysis and degradation by ubiquitous RNAse enzymes. Samples can be frozen in liquid nitrogen or incubated in preservatives