The use of Metarhizium in opposition to sugarcane spittlebugs in Brazil is one of the maximum a success and long lasting organic control packages the use of entomopathogenic fungus in the global. However, studies to monitor the destiny of this fungus at the sugarcane agroecosystem are uncommon, specially with appreciate to its staying power, efficacy in pest manage and impact at the neighborhood populations of Metarhizium. The present examine aimed at documenting the efficacy and patience of M. Anisopliae pressure ESALQ1604 in a sugarcane discipline by using the use of microsatellite molecular markers. The species diversity of Metarhizium turned into characterized in bugs, soil and sugarcane roots in a sprayed and an unsprayed plot. Although the contamination prices were not very high (≤ 50%), the carried-out strain became recovered from spittlebugs after 7, 30 and 60 days’ put up-software, however accounted for only 50%, 50% and 70.5% of all bugs killed by means of M. Anisopliae, respectively. All haplotypes from spittlebug had been associated with a single subclade of M. Anisopliae. The maximum haplotype diversity changed into found in soil (h = zero.989) and within the smallest in spittlebug (h = zero.779). Metarhizium robertsii, M. Anisopliae, M. Brunneum; one taxonomically unassigned lineage became found in soil and handiest M. Brunneum and M. Anisopliae were isolated from roots. This observes discovered the first-rate diversity of Metarhizium spp. In the sugarcane agroecosystem and the importance of the nearby population of M. Anisopliae on spittlebugs control.