These are a type of cells which help in destroying the cellular debris, microbes, foreign substances that are present in the body by a process called phagocytosis. They play a very important role in non-specific defense of the human body as well as help in innate immunity of the body by sending signals to activate other cells such as the lymphocytes. Macrophages also play an important anti-inflammatory role. Peer review refers to the work done during the screening of submitted manuscripts and funding applications. This process encourages authors to meet the accepted standards of their discipline and reduces the dissemination of irrelevant findings, unwarranted claims, unacceptable interpretations, and personal views. Publications that have not undergone peer review are likely to be regarded with suspicion by academic scholars and professionals.