The Journal of Physiology publishes original Research Papers in all areas of physiology and pathophysiology illustrating new physiological principles or mechanisms. Papers on work at the molecular level, cell membrane, single cells, tissues, or organs and on systems physiology are all encouraged. We are particularly keen to publish papers that have a clinical or translational focus, to help further our understanding of the role physiology plays in health and disease. Physiology is the study of how the human body works. It describes the chemistry and physics behind basic body functions, from how molecules behave in cells to how systems of organs work together. The Journal of Physiology is committed to encouraging 'rising stars' in the field of physiology to understanding more about the way in which the journal operates and the rigorous peer review we offer to our submitting authors. Engaging in peer review is both a privilege and an obligation for most working scientists.