Radiology is useful in the diagnosis of parathyroid bone disease. Subperiosteal erosions of the phalanges and/or the distal ends of the clavicle are virtually pathognomonic. Other radiographic manifestations of hyperparathyroidism include osteosclerosis (commonly in the spine) and, more rarely, periosteal new bone formation. Aluminium-related disease has no specific X-ray findings, but pathological fractures and radiolucency of bones are typical if there is osteomalacia. Spinal bone density measurements are often increased in hyperparathyroid bone disease and reduced in aluminium-related disease, but these measurements are not of diagnostic value. The scintigraphic changes of hyperparathyroidism add little to the information from other diagnostic modalities.Radiology residency programs are designed to train physicians for either academic medicine or private practice. If you want to work in academic medicine, you should go someplace where you will get dedicated research time, training in research methods, and opportunities to develop teaching skills. Such programs often offer opportunities to develop subspecialty interests during residency training. Programs such as these are not optimal for training individuals for private practice. For that, you are better off going to programs that focus on clinical work only. You want places that have few or no fellows so that all procedures are available for residents because you will need those experiences to develop broad and versatile clinical skills.