mmunomodulators are medications used to help regulate or normalize the immune system. Examples include one class of immunomodulator which is used as an add-on therapy to treat asthma and another which treats hereditary angioedema. Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies Despite these advances, immunomodulators are also associated with substantial medication-safety concerns. The potential for adverse drug reactions, serious drug-related complications, and medication errors is significant. Other examples of immunomodulators to treat IBD are methotrexate, cyclosporine A (Sandimmune®, Neoral®) and tacrolimus (Prograf®). Cyclosporine A has a more rapid onset of action (one to two weeks) than azathioprine and 6-MP.