Pattern recognition is the automated recognition of patterns and regularities in data. It has applications in statistical data analysis, signal processing, image analysis, information retrieval, bioinformatics, data compression, computer graphics and machine learning.Just like the phrase “What-you-see-is-what-you-get” says, human brains make vision easy. It doesn’t take any effort for humans to tell apart a dog, a cat or a flying saucer. But this process is quite hard for a computer to imitate: they only seem easy because God designs our brains incredibly good in recognizing images. A common example of image recognition is optical character recognition (OCR). A scanner can identify the characters in the image to convert the texts in an image to a text file. With the same process, OCR can be applied to recognize the text of a license plate in an image. There are two main routes to making research outputs openly accessible. One involves publishing articles or books via the OA route on a publisher’s platform (often referred to as gold open access). The other involves archiving a version of the manuscript in an OA repository (often described as green open access). Content published via the gold OA route is accessible immediately on publication, while manuscripts deposited via the green OA route may, in many cases, be made accessible only once a self-archiving embargo period has elapsed. The terms for onward sharing and re-use of OA content will depend on the licence under which it has been made available.