Vaccine is also called an immunization. It gives boost to immune system and fight against harmful viruses/bacteria. Vaccine research is a long process. There is no vaccine for HIV. Scientists are working on HIV vaccines in labs and animals it helpful for researchers learn to how will vaccine works. After completion of laboratory work, conducting clinical trials in human health volunteers by sequential phases. Such as phase-I and phase-II provides data how it works against HIV virus to protect Immune system, depends up on this results vaccine are processed in large scale as phase-III trails. This phase-III trail are done in incidence of HIV infection due to scientific reasons.
Since the identification of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) as the etiologic agent of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), many efforts have been made to stop the AIDS pandemic. A major success of medical research has been the development of the highly active antiretroviral therapy and its availability to an increasing number of people worldwide, with a considerable effect on survival. However, a safe and effective vaccine able to prevent and eradicate the HIV pandemic is still lacking. Clinical trials and preclinical proof-of-concept studies in nonhuman primate (NHP) models have provided insights into potential correlates of protection against the HIV-1 infection, which include broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), non-neutralizing antibodies targeting the variable loops 1 and 2 (V1V2) regions of the HIV-1 envelope (Env), polyfunctional antibody, and Env-specific T-cell responses. In this review, we provide a brief overview of different HIV-1 vaccine approaches and discuss the current understanding of the cellular and humoral correlates of HIV-1 immunity.