Chronic kidney disease is now a global problem. When the kidney is not able to perform most of its function, transplantation or dialysis is required. The most common renal treatment today is hemodialysis. The use of modern technology in dialysis has made malnutrition less prevalent in undergoing hemodialysis. However, there are many factors that lead to malnutrition even with modern procedures of hemodialysis treatment. Peer review refers to the work done during the screening of submitted manuscripts and funding applications. Hemodialysis is a procedure where a dialysis machine and a special filter called an artificial kidney, or a dialyzer, are used to clean your blood. To get your blood into the dialyzer, the doctor needs to make an access, or entrance, into your blood vessels. This is done with minor surgery, usually to your arm. When you begin hemodialysis, the needles put in your fistula or graft may be uncomfortable. Most patients get used to this in time. Your dialysis care team will make sure you are as comfortable as possible during your treatment.