In Golden Rice, two genes have been inserted into the rice genome by genetic engineering, which would not have been possible by traditional breeding, to restart the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway leading to the production and accumulation of β-carotene in the grains. The intensity of the golden color is an indicator of the concentration of β-carotene in the endosperm. Since a prototype Golden Rice was developed in 1999, new lines with higher β-carotene content have been generated.The high selection pressure applied in rice breeding since its domestication thousands of years ago has caused a narrowing in its genetic variability. Obtaining new rice cultivars therefore becomes a major challenge for breeders and developing strategies to increase the genetic variability has demanded the attention of several research groups. Understanding mutations and their applications have paved the way for advances in the elucidation of a genetic, physiological, and biochemical basis