A geographic system (GIS) could be a conceptualized framework that gives the flexibility to capture and analyze spatial and geographic knowledge. GIS applications (or GIS apps) area unit computer-based tools, that allow the user to create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial data output, edit data point conferred at intervals maps, and visually share the results of those operations. Geographic information processing (or, GIScience)—the scientific study of geographic ideas, applications, and systems—is usually initialized as GIS, as well. Geographic data systems area unit utilised in multiple technologies, processes, techniques and strategies. it's connected to numerous operations and various applications, that relate to: engineering, planning, management, transport/logistics, insurance, telecommunications, and business. For this reason, GIS and placement intelligence applications area unit at the foundation of location-enabled services, that suppose geographic analysis and visual image. GIS provides the aptitude to relate antecedently unrelated data, through the utilization of location because the "key index variable". Locations and extents that area unit found within the Earth's spacetime, area unit able to be recorded through the date and time of occurrence, in conjunction with x, y, and z coordinates; representing, line of longitude (x), latitude (y), and elevation (z). All Earth-based, spatial–temporal, location and extent references, ought to be relatable to at least one another, and ultimately, to a "real" physical location or extent. This key characteristic of GIS, has begun to open new avenues of scientific inquiry and studies. The phrase, "geographic data system", was coined by Roger Tomlinson in 1968, once he printed the scientific paper, "A Geographic system for Regional Planning". Tomlinson, acknowledged because the "father of GIS", is credited with enabling the primary computerized–GIS to be created through his work on the North American nation Geographic system in 1963.