The exchange of one currency for another, or the conversion of one currency into another currency. The market in which participants are able to buy, sell, exchange and speculate on currencies. System of trading in and converting the currency of one country into that of another. Foreign exchange also refers to the global market where currencies are traded virtually around-the-clock. Foreign exchange markets are made up of banks, commercial companies, central banks, investment management firms, hedge funds, and retail forex brokers and investors. Scholarly peer review is the process of subjecting an author's scholarly work, research, or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field, before a paper describing this work is published in a journal. The work may be accepted, considered acceptable with revisions, or rejected. Peer review requires a community of experts in a given (narrowly defined) field, who are qualified and able to perform reasonably impartial review.