Financial usually refers to money matters or transactions of some size or importance: a financial wizard. Fiscal is used especially in connection with government funds, or those of any organization: the end of the fiscal year. Monetary relates especially to money as such: a monetary system or standard. It is a statement of financial affairs which gives information about the recent financial transactions of a debtor. It includes information about the payment to creditors, sources of income, transfer of property, law suit filed by creditors and gifts made by the debtor. Banks are the institutions that can borrow and lend. They are allowed to borrow from the general public and provide the demand deposits facility, ie, any institution in which you can deposit the money and can withdraw as per your needs is a bank. financial institutions is an umbrella term that includes banks too.