Cardiology is a medical specialty that deals with diagnosis and treatment of heart disorders for human and animals. Adult and pediatric cardiologists cater to congenital heart diseases, cardiac arrest, coronary artery diseases, and valvular heart diseases. Owing to the steep increase in the number of patients suffering with cardiac strokes, which are often fatal in nature; acute coronary syndrome (ACS), Angina pectoris, Atherosclerosis, Coronary heart disease, Myocardial infarction (heart attack) the clinical importance of cardiology is extremely high.
The most important behavioural risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. The effects of behavioural risk factors may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. These “intermediate risks factors” can be measured in primary care facilities and indicate an increased risk of developing a heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other complications.