Environmental pollution is the buildup and accumulation of toxic heavy metals in the air, water, and land that reduce the ability of the contaminated sites to support life. The rise in human population density and anthropogenic activity has led to degradation of the Earth’s surface through misuse of environmental resources and improper disposal of wastes. In addition, the advancements in science and technology as well as the increase in industry have led to an increase in the dumping of wastes, ranging from raw sewage to nuclear waste, into the environment, which poses a serious problem for the survival of humanity. The conventional methods of waste disposables such as digging hole and dumping wastes, heat incineration, and chemical decomposition of contaminants were found to be more complex, uneconomical, and also lack public acceptance. Microbial bioremediation is an alternative, cost-effective and eco-friendly technology that provides sustainable ways to clean up contaminated environments. Recently, a wide variety of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants with efficient bioremediating properties were successfully employed for efficient removal of toxicants from the polluted environments.