As a cost-effective and versatile method, electrospinning has been used to fabricate designed one-dimensional architectures with targeted components for advanced energy storage systems. Benefiting from the large surface area, continuous one-dimensional charge transportation channels and short distant for ionic transport, electrospun materials are helpful to improve the electrochemical sodium storage performance of the devices. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the forefront in the development of electrospun materials for sodium-ion storage devices, including sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), sodium-sulfur batteries, sodium-selenium batteries, sodium-air batteries and sodium-ion hybrid capacitors, with particular emphases on the synthesis strategies and improved electrochemical performance. The development of electrospun anode and cathode materials for SIBs is introduced in detail, respectively.