Endourology refers to a specific specialty area in urology in which small internal endoscopes and instrumentation are used to see into the urinary tract and perform surgery.Urology is a surgical specialty which deals with diseases of the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive organs. Although urology technically is a "surgical specialty," a urologist must be knowledgeable in other areas including internal medicine, pediatrics, and gynecology because of the wide variety of clinical problems that a urologist deals with. The American Urological Association has identified seven subspecialty areas:
• Pediatric Urology
• Urologic oncology (cancer)
• Renal transplantation
• Male infertility
• Calculi (urinary tract stones)
• Female urology (urinary incontinence and pelvic outlet relaxation disorders)
• Neurourology (voiding disorders, urodynamic evaluation of patients and erectile dysfunction or impotence