Diamond is optically transparent to light waves of a wide range of wavelengths including the visible spectrum between 400 and 750 nm. "The elements thus manufactured that is, the resonators, circuits, and the wafer, are attractive because of their high quality." To achieve higher efficiency in the transfer of optical signals, i.e. photons, polycrystalline diamond achieves as much efficiency as a monocrystalline surface in addition to being robust. The applications of diamond-based optical circuits lie in high-sensitivity sensor technologies. The journal article is sometimes called a scientific article, a peer-reviewed article, or a scholarly research article. Together, journal articles in a particular area are often called literature. Journal articles are most often primary research articles. However, they can also be review articles. These types of articles have different purposes and requirements. Sometimes an article describes a new tool or method. Because articles in scientific journals are specific, meticulously cited, and peer-reviewed, journal databases are the best place to search for information on previous research on your species. Without experience in the field, journal articles can be difficult to understand - however, you don't need to understand an entire article in order to gain valuable information.