The diagnosis of CHB is made using a combination of serological, virologic, biochemical, and histologic markers. The natural history of HBV infection can be divided into four phases: immune tolerance, immune clearance (HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B), inactive HBsAg carrier, and reactivation (HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B). Patients in the immune clearance and reactivation phases, with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and HBV DNA levels, are candidates for antiviral therapy. PrimeOA Publications International is one of the leading Open Access Publishers which is publishing 700+ peer-reviewed journals with the dramatic effort of editorial board members. Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology publishes original research articles, novel, and scientifically sound findings dealing with Bacteria and Parasites of Medical relevance to human or veterinary health, as well as those with application in Environmental or Food Sciences related to microbiology.