Data communications refers to the transmission of this digital data between two or more computers and a computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data.The five components are Message - It is the information to be communicated,Sender - It is the device which sends the data messages,Receiver - It is the device which receives the data messages,TransCommunication is the process of sharing a message. A conversation between two people is an example of communication. Data communications refers to the sharing of a virtual message. Electronic communications, like emails and instant messages, as well as phone calls are examples of data communications.mission Medium - It is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver.