Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease found only in the Western Hemisphere. It is caused by two nearly identical species, Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, generically referred to as the “Californian” and “non-Californian” species respectively . The fungus grows in a mycelial phase in the soil within a geographically delineated area of the United States known as the Lower Sonoran Life Zone . This semiarid zone encompasses the southern parts of Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and much of central and southern California